^аRussian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration

DOI: 10.22394/2070-8378-2022-24-2-93-99

Abstract:
In March 2020, a new coronavirus pandemic have spread around the world, forcing nations to close their borders and paralyzing the global economy. According to health experts, the mortality rate is 2 %, but governments and international organizations have initiated quarantine measures and social distancing to prevent health systems from collapsing due to numerous cases. Against this background, the events in Colombia have attracted much attention. Although the national and local governments have taken all necessary measures to prevent the disease, the scandals surrounding these decrees and ordinances are of great interest. The distribution of resources and expenditures in other non-priority sectors is also questionable. According to statistics from Johns Hopkins University, the country was in the top 10 for the number of people infected and the number of deaths caused by COVID-19 in the world. The situation with a possible third wave of COVID-19 in Latin America is not promising. Governments in almost all countries in the region are taking insufficient steps to prevent the spread of the virus, the health care system is failing to function properly, and the vaccination rate as well as other shortcomings have angered many community members. This applies to Colombia under President Ivan Duque, who, although a member of the ruling party, raises serious doubts regarding his governing capacity. The authors believe that the blame for the current situation lies not only on the head of state but also on local authorities and the population itself, which practically does not comply with the medical and sanitary restrictions on movements and gatherings of people.

Keywords:
Colombia, Ivan Duque, vaccine, pandemic, COVID-19, virus, health

Received:
October 1, 2021

References:
Khmelinin A.A. Neoliberalism as a factor of modern political transformations. Dissertation of candidate of political sciences. Yekaterinburg, 2016. In Russian
Rusakova O.F., Khmelinin A.A. Neoliberal discourse: strategies and technologies for constructing a new subjectivity. Nauchnyy yezhegodnik Instituta filosofii i prava Ural’skogo otdeleniya RAN. 2012. Issue 12. P. 259–271. In Russian

Articles in Open Access mode are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY) license.

^аRussian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration

DOI: 10.22394/2070-8378-2022-24-2-88-92

Abstract:
The article analyzes the main theoretical concepts and legal provisions in the sphere of cooperation and interaction between the prosecution authorities of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan. The author pays attention to analyzing the legal regulation of international cooperation, as well as reviewing the fundamental principles through which the prosecutorial activity is carried out. The article examines the peculiarities of organizing the work of prosecution authorities of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan in the field of international legal cooperation. According to international obligations, the states provide mutual assistance in countering and overcoming criminal manifestations, bringing to justice the perpetrators of unlawful acts, as well as combating transnational manifestations of crime which entails inevitable criminal prosecution and punishment. An essential role in this direction is played by the institution of international cooperation. The obligations of the Prosecutor’s Offices of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan also have an impact on society, as their activities are aimed at guaranteeing the implementation of human rights and freedoms. Progress in this area can be achieved by intensifying the international cooperation of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan in terms of the international fight against crime.

Keywords:
Russian Federation, Republic of Tajikistan, supervision, prosecution authorities, cooperation

Received:
November 2, 2021

References:
Abdulloev P.S., Makhmudov I.T. Legal basis of the international cooperation for Prosecutor Generals’ Office of the Republic of Tajikistan on criminal cases. Probely v rossiyskom zakonodatel’stve. 2015. No. 6. P. 114–121. In Russian
Babkin L.M., Rodin A.E. International interaction and cooperation of prosecutor’s office bodies of the Russian Federation in the fight against acts of corruption. Chelovek: prestupleniye i nakazaniye. 2015. No. 4 (91). P. 17–21. In Russian
Buksman A. The number of companies prosecuted for bribery has doubled in five years. First Deputy Prosecutor General spoke on the status of fighting against corruption and the state of international cooperation in this area [Interview with Buksman A.]. Interfaks. December 9, 2019. https:// www.interfax.ru/interview/687205. In Russian
The Council of Europe organized an exhibition of posters and video materials provided as part of the International Youth Social Anti-Corruption Advertising Contest “Together against Corruption!”. https://genproc.gov.ru/special/ smi/news/news-1749486. In Russian
Zhirov A.V. On measures to ensure the security and law and order in the work of the Coordinating Council of Prosecutor Generals of the CIS member states and the practice of prosecutorial supervision in the field of protecting human and civil rights and freedoms. Mezhdunarodnoye sotrudnichestvo yevraziyskikh gosudarstv: politika, ekonomika, parvo. 2019. No. 4. P. 90–101. In Russian
Interview with First Deputy Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation Alexander Buksman and the Interfax news agency on December 12, 2018. http://genproc. gov.ru/smi/ news/genproc/news-1514294/ In Russian
Komarova E.A. Observing human rights while exercising international cooperation by organs of the prosecutor’s office. Pravovaya politika i pravovaya zhizn’. 2016. No. 4. P. 20–25. In Russian
Korshunova A.D. International cooperation of the Prosecutor’s office of the Russian Federation // Priority directions for developing science and education: collection of articles of the XIX International scientific and practical conference, Penza, June 30, 2021. Penza: “Nauka i Prosveshcheniye”, 2021. P. 93–95. In Russian
On the 8th session of the Conference of State-members to the UN Convention against Corruption. https://www.mid. ru/o-8-j-sessii-konferencii-gosudarstv-ucastnikovkonvencii-oon-protiv-korrupcii. In Russian
Serebryakova K.V. International cooperation as a function of the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation. Otechestvennaya yurisprudentsiya. 2019(a). No. 2 (34). P. 65–67. In Russian
Serebryakova K.V. Participation of the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation in international organizations. Nauka i obrazovaniye segodnya. 2019(b). No. 8 (43). In Russian
Sizov Yu. The CIS countries intend to improve the work against corruption. Rossiyskaya gazeta. July 11, 2019. https://rg. ru/2019/07/11/strany-sng-namereny-sovershenstvovat-rabotu-po-borbe-s-korrupciej.html. In Russian
Khotambekov T.A. Cooperation between the prosecution bodies of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan in protecting human and civil rights and freedoms and countering criminality // Interaction of law enforcement bodies and special services of the CIS member states in the fight against crime: International Scientific and Practical Conference, Moscow, 27 May 2021. Moscow: Moskovskaya akademiya Sledstvennogo komiteta Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2021. P. 187– 191. In Russian
Shigurova E.I., Shigurov A.V. Procedure for preparing and sending a request for international legal assistance in criminal cases. Gumanitarnyye i politiko-pravovye issledovaniya. 2021. No. 3 (14). P. 62–74. In Russian
Yakubina Yu.P. International cooperation of the Prosecutor’s office of Russia with foreign state bodies. Vestnik Kaliningradskogo filiala Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta MVD Rossii. 2021. No. 4 (66). P. 104–107. In Russian

Articles in Open Access mode are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY) license.

^аRussian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration

DOI: 10.22394/2070-8378-2022-24-2-80-87

Abstract:
The article examines the legal features of artificial intelligence technology (hereinafter – AI) and the rapid digital transformation that causes the increased interest in this topic. Emerging and developing in the private sector, it is also taking shape in the sphere of public interest. In this regard, we need to conduct a thorough analysis of this technology, considering that, both directly and indirectly, AI technology can cause human rights violations. The author notes that the objective side of transparency can be expressed by the following triad of parameters: explainability, comprehensibility, and accessibility; the subjective component can be represented by the human right to an explanation of the obtained AI result (algorithm). To this extent, the right to an explanation should be classified as a digital human right. The author concludes that neither excessive regulation nor complete non-interference is appropriate or functional in developing and managing AI technologies. The article proposes to facilitate further testing of the possibility and conditions of AI technology applications, including in public administration, as part of the experimental legal regime in the area of digital innovations. In this context, the author analyzed the experience of data processing in the public administration of the European Union, which has traditionally paid increased attention to human rights and data protection. The article is based on the research work carried out within the framework of the state assignment of RANEPA.

Keywords:
transparency, public administration, artificial intelligence, right to explanation, European Union, human rights, digitalization

Received:
February 15, 2022

References:
Dobrolyubova E.I., Yuzhakov V.N., Efremov A.A., Klochkova E.N., Talapina E.V., Startsev Ya.Yu. The digital future of public administration by results. Moscow: Izdatel’skiy dom “Delo” RANKhiGS, 2019. In Russian
Efremov A.A., Dobrolyubova E.I., Talapina E.V., Yuzhakov V.N. Experimental legal regimes foreign experience and Russian start. Moscow: Izdatel’skiy dom “Delo” RANKhiGS, 2020. In Russian
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Kovler A.I. Human rights in the digital age. Byulleten’ Yevropeyskogo suda po pravam cheloveka. Rossiyskoye izdaniye. 2019. No. 6. P. 146– 150. In Russian
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Malyshkin A.V. Integrating artificial intelligence into public life: some ethical and legal problems. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Pravo. 2019. No. 3. P. 444–460. In Russian
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Villani C., Bonnet Y., Schoenauer M., Berthet Ch., Levin F., Cornut A.Ch., Rondepierre B. For a meaningful artificial intelligence: towards a French and European strategy. Villani mission on artificial intelligence. 2018. In French

Articles in Open Access mode are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY) license.

^аRussian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration

DOI: 10.22394/2070-8378-2020-22-4-42-55

Abstract:
Practical use of the most well-known country ratings does not always allow obtaining objective information about the real situation in various countries and assessing the prospects for their development. Popular wisdom expressed by the aphorism ‘We have not noticed how the truth has been replaced with ratings’ is becoming increasingly popular. The article proposes a tool for analyzing the relationship between the positions of different countries in the most popular ratings, based on the use of a matrix of paired correlation coefficients, assessing their significance according to the Pearson criterion and the strength of the correlation connection on the Cheddock scale. Based on the calculations, it was found that the dynamics of the countries advancement in the Doing Business ranking did not have statistically significant correlation with almost any ratings and macroeconomic indicators characterizing the real dynamics of socio-economic development. Shortcomings in the methods of ranking countries by prosperity, social development, rule of law index, level of perception of corruption, global happiness index are considered. Arguments are made that once the Coronavirus pandemic has been overcome, it is more likely that ratings will be more in demand to assess the quality of national security and the extent to which sustainable development goals have been achieved. It is proved that it is advisable to include the Global competitiveness rating, Human development index and SDG index as the most promising ratings that clearly demonstrate the country’s specific achievements in economic reforms and the growth of its international prestige.

Keywords:
country ratings, statistically relevant correlation, national security, sustainable development

Received:
June 22, 2020

References:
Analysis of Russia’s implementation of international standards according to the recommendations of Group of States Against Corruption, GRECO. Round 4. / Ed. by Shumanov I. V. М.: Transparency International Russia. 2019. 145 p. In Russian
Barabashev A. G., Makarov A. A., Makarov I. A. On the improvement of indicative quality assessment of public administration. Voprosi gosudarstvennogo upravleniya. 2019. № 2. P. 7–38. In Russian
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Doshi R, Kelley J, Simmons B. A. The Power of Ranking: The Ease of Doing Business Indicator and Global Regulatory Behavior. Cambridge University Press (CUP) in International Organization. 2019. Vol. 73. P. 611-643. In English
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Mau V. A. National goals and model of economic growth: New in the Russian socio-economic policy of 2018-2019. Voprosy Ekonomiki. 2019. № 3. P. 5-28. In Russian
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Zarghami E., Fatourehchi D. Comparative analysis of rating systems in developing and developed countries: A systematic review and a future agenda towards a region-based sustainability assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production. V. 254. In English

Articles in Open Access mode are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY) license.